Peck et al. 2006

Peck, D. V., Herlihy, A. T., Hill, B. H., Hughes, R. M., Kaufmann, P. R., Klemm, D.J., Lazorchak, J. M., McCormick, F. H., Peterson, S. A., Ringold, P. L., Magee, T. & Cappaert, M. R..  2005.  Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program - Surface Waters Western Pilot Study: Field Operations Manual for Wadeable Streams. EPA Report EPA 600/R-05/xxx, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.

http://www.epa.gov/emap/html/pubs/docs/groupdocs/surfwatr/field/fomws.html

The methods and instructions for field operations presented in this manual for surveys of wadeable streams were initially developed and tested during 5 years of pilot and demonstration projects (1993-1997).  These projects were conducted under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and its collaborators through the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP).  This program focuses on evaluating ecological conditions on regional and national scales.  This document describes procedures for collecting data, samples, and information about biotic assemblages, environmental measures, or attributes of indicators of stream ecosystem condition.  The procedures presented in this manual were developed based on standard or accepted methods, modified as necessary to adapt them to EMAP sampling requirements for the Western Pilot Study.  They are intended for use in field studies sponsored by EMAP, and related projects such as the USEPA Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP), and the Temporally Integrated Monitoring of Ecosystems study (TIME).  In addition to methodology, additional information on data management, safety and health, and other logistical aspects is integrated into the procedures and overall operational scenario.  Procedures are described for collecting measurement data and/or acceptable index samples for several response and stressor indicators, including water chemistry, physical habitat, benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, aquatic vertebrate assemblages, fish tissue contaminants, and periphyton assemblages.  The manual describes field implementation of these methods and the logistical foundation constructed during field projects.  Flowcharts and other graphic aids provide overall summaries of specific field activities required to visit a stream site and collect data for these indicators.  Tables give step-by-stem protocol instructions.  These figures and tables can be extracted and bound separately to make a convenient quick field reference for field teams.  The manual also includes example field data forms for recording measurements and observations made in the field and sample tracking information.  Checklists of all supplies and equipment needed for each field task are included to help ensure that these materials are available when required.